Banana is an important staple food and popular fruit, grown in the tropical and sub-tropical regions. Pests and pathogens reduce banana production, and the use of resistant cultivars is the ultimate solution. This study used DNA from 856 genotypes from banana breeding programs in Brazil, India, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda, and the in vitro genebank at the International Transit Centre in Belgium to determine the level of diversity available and identify unique materials with potential valuable genes. The results indicate low genetic diversity. There is a need to increase the diversity in parental materials to broaden their genetic base, and this study provides important clues on how to achieve this, such as the material from Brazil, with host plant resistance to pathogens and pests could benefit other programs. Banana breeders should exploit this potential to enhance genetic gains in future breeding efforts by increased cooperation and germplasm exchange among breeding programs.